Bushiri Kahoki
2 days ago
Give a physiological example of a negative feedback control system and clearly describe how it works.
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ChatGPT
2 days ago
One example of a negative feedback control system in the body is the regulation of body temperature. When the body temperature rises above a set point, the hypothalamus in the brain detects this change and signals the body to cool down.
The hypothalamus sends signals to the sweat glands to produce sweat, which evaporates from the skin and helps to lower body temperature. Additionally, blood vessels near the skin surface dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the surface where heat can be released.
As the body temperature returns to the set point, the hypothalamus detects this change and signals the body to stop sweating and to constrict the blood vessels near the skin surface, helping to maintain a stable body temperature. This negative feedback loop ensures that the body temperature remains within a narrow range, despite external fluctuations in temperature.
The hypothalamus sends signals to the sweat glands to produce sweat, which evaporates from the skin and helps to lower body temperature. Additionally, blood vessels near the skin surface dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the surface where heat can be released.
As the body temperature returns to the set point, the hypothalamus detects this change and signals the body to stop sweating and to constrict the blood vessels near the skin surface, helping to maintain a stable body temperature. This negative feedback loop ensures that the body temperature remains within a narrow range, despite external fluctuations in temperature.
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Google Gemini AI
2 days ago
Physiological Example: Body Temperature Regulation
Control Variable: Body temperature
Receptor: Thermoreceptors in the skin, hypothalamus, and spinal cord
Control Center: Hypothalamus
Effector: Sweat glands, blood vessels, and muscles
Feedback: Negative feedback
How it Works:
1. Stimulus: When body temperature increases (e.g., due to exercise or a hot environment).
2. Receptors: Thermoreceptors detect the increase in temperature.
3. Control Center: The hypothalamus receives signals from the thermoreceptors and compares them to a set point of around 37°C (98.6°F).
4. Effector Response: If body temperature exceeds the set point, the hypothalamus triggers a negative feedback response. It sends signals to:
- Sweat glands: To increase sweating, which releases heat when the sweat evaporates.
- Blood vessels: To dilate blood vessels near the skin's surface, increasing blood flow and radiating heat.
5. Negative Feedback: The cooling effects of sweating and increased blood flow reduce body temperature.
6. Return to Set Point: As body temperature approaches the set point, the thermoreceptors detect the decrease in temperature and send signals to the hypothalamus.
7. Effector Response Adjustment: The hypothalamus reduces the sweating and vasodilation, allowing body temperature to stabilize at the set point.
Importance: This negative feedback system ensures that body temperature is maintained within a narrow range (around 0.5°C), which is crucial for optimal physiological function and survival.
Control Variable: Body temperature
Receptor: Thermoreceptors in the skin, hypothalamus, and spinal cord
Control Center: Hypothalamus
Effector: Sweat glands, blood vessels, and muscles
Feedback: Negative feedback
How it Works:
1. Stimulus: When body temperature increases (e.g., due to exercise or a hot environment).
2. Receptors: Thermoreceptors detect the increase in temperature.
3. Control Center: The hypothalamus receives signals from the thermoreceptors and compares them to a set point of around 37°C (98.6°F).
4. Effector Response: If body temperature exceeds the set point, the hypothalamus triggers a negative feedback response. It sends signals to:
- Sweat glands: To increase sweating, which releases heat when the sweat evaporates.
- Blood vessels: To dilate blood vessels near the skin's surface, increasing blood flow and radiating heat.
5. Negative Feedback: The cooling effects of sweating and increased blood flow reduce body temperature.
6. Return to Set Point: As body temperature approaches the set point, the thermoreceptors detect the decrease in temperature and send signals to the hypothalamus.
7. Effector Response Adjustment: The hypothalamus reduces the sweating and vasodilation, allowing body temperature to stabilize at the set point.
Importance: This negative feedback system ensures that body temperature is maintained within a narrow range (around 0.5°C), which is crucial for optimal physiological function and survival.
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