Explain 5 complications of hypertension. Clearly state 4 chest findings in a collapsed lung on auscultation and pleural effusion on palpation.

Complications of hypertension include:

1. Heart disease: High blood pressure can lead to an increased risk of heart attack, heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases.

2. Stroke: Hypertension can cause damage to blood vessels in the brain, increasing the risk of a stroke.

3. Kidney damage: High blood pressure can damage the kidneys over time, leading to chronic kidney disease or even kidney failure.

4. Vision problems: Hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the eyes, leading to vision problems or even blindness.

5. Peripheral artery disease: High blood pressure can cause narrowing of the arteries in the legs, leading to decreased blood flow and potentially causing pain or tissue damage.

Chest findings in a collapsed lung on auscultation may include:

1. Absent or decreased breath sounds on the affected side
2. Hyperresonance on percussion
3. Tracheal deviation away from the affected side
4. Decreased tactile fremitus on palpation

Pleural effusion on palpation may present as:

1. Decreased or absent tactile fremitus
2. Dullness to percussion over the affected area
3. Increased chest expansion on the unaffected side
4. Possible fluid wave or shifting dullness on palpation or percussion.

Complications of Hypertension

1. Heart attack: High blood pressure can strain the heart, leading to plaque buildup in the arteries and increasing the risk of a heart attack.
2. Stroke: Hypertension can cause damage to the blood vessels in the brain, increasing the risk of a stroke.
3. Heart failure: Sustained high blood pressure can weaken the heart muscle, making it less able to pump blood effectively.
4. Kidney damage: Hypertension can put stress on the kidneys, leading to kidney damage and eventually kidney failure.
5. Eye damage: High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the eyes, leading to vision problems such as retinal detachment and glaucoma.

Chest Findings in Collapsed Lung and Pleural Effusion

Collapsed Lung (Auscultation)

1. Reduced or absent breath sounds on the affected side
2. Increased resonance on percussion
3. Mediastinal shift away from the collapsed lung
4. Amphoric breath sounds over a large bullae

Pleural Effusion (Palpation)

1. Dullness to percussion over the area of fluid accumulation
2. Decreased or absent tactile fremitus over the area of fluid accumulation
3. Pleural friction rub (in some cases)
4. Shifting dullness (in large effusions)