- Low sperm count: Oligospermia. - Abnormal sperm morphology: Teratospermia. - Poor sperm motility: Asthenospermia. - Sperm DNA damage: Chromosomal abnormalities or genetic defects. - Testicular disorders: Cryptorchidism (undescended testes), varicocele. - Erectile dysfunction or ejaculatory problems. - Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, heavy metal exposure.
Other Factors:
- Genetics: Certain genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities. - Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins, radiation, or heavy metals. - Medical conditions: Cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), autoimmune diseases, diabetes. - Surgical interventions: Tubal ligation, vasectomy. - Stress and psychological factors: Can affect hormone levels and ovulation.
Combined Factors:
- Infertility can often be caused by a combination of factors from both partners. - For example, a woman with PCOS and a male with low sperm count would have a lower chance of conception than individuals with isolated issues.