What are the essential element of state?

The essential elements of a state include:

1. Population: A state must have a permanent population that resides within its borders.

2. Territory: A state must have defined boundaries that separate it from other states.

3. Government: A state must have a system of government that exercises authority over its population and territory.

4. Sovereignty: A state must have the ability to govern itself without interference from external powers.

5. Recognition: A state must be recognized as a sovereign entity by other states in the international community.