1. Systematic: Research is a systematic process that follows a structured and organized approach to gather information, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
2. Objective: Research aims to be unbiased and impartial, focusing on facts and evidence rather than personal opinions or beliefs.
3. Empirical: Research is based on observation and experience, using data and evidence to support conclusions.
4. Replicable: Research should be replicable, meaning that other researchers should be able to replicate the study and obtain similar results.
5. Rigorous: Research should be conducted with a high level of rigor, using sound methodology and following ethical guidelines.
6. Transparent: Research should be transparent, with clear documentation of methods, data, and findings to allow for scrutiny and verification by others.
7. Generalizable: Research findings should be generalizable to a larger population or context, allowing for broader implications and applications.
8. Cumulative: Research builds on existing knowledge and contributes to the body of literature in a particular field, with new studies adding to the collective understanding of a topic.