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provide a comparative outline of embryogenesis in the Protostomia and the Deuterostomia?
Simon Marweyi
Dec 12, 2023
provide a comparative outline of embryogenesis in the Protostomia and the Deuterostomia?
Diversity of life
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Dec 12, 2023
Embryogenesis is the process of development from a fertilized egg to a fully formed organism. In the animal kingdom, there are two major groups based on the pattern of embryonic development: Protostomia and Deuterostomia. Here is a comparative outline of embryogenesis in these two groups:
Protostomia:
1. Cleavage: The zygote undergoes spiral and determinate cleavage, resulting in cells that are different from each other in terms of fate and potential.
2. Coelom formation: The coelom (body cavity) forms by the splitting of mesodermal bands, known as schizocoely.
3. Blastopore fate: The blastopore, which forms during gastrulation, becomes the mouth in most protostomes.
4. Development of the nervous system: The nervous system develops from a solid plate of ectodermal cells that invaginates to form a neural tube.
5. Fate of cells: The fate of cells is determined early in development, and their potential to differentiate into specific tissues is limited.
Deuterostomia:
1. Cleavage: The zygote undergoes radial and indeterminate cleavage, resulting in cells that are similar to each other in terms of fate and potential.
2. Coelom formation: The coelom forms by the outpocketing of the archenteron, known as enterocoely.
3. Blastopore fate: The blastopore becomes the anus in most deuterostomes, while the mouth forms from a secondary opening.
4. Development of the nervous system: The nervous system develops from a hollow tube that forms from an infolding of ectodermal cells, known as neurulation.
5. Fate of cells: The fate of cells is not determined early in development, and they retain the potential to differentiate into various tissues.
Overall, the key differences between embryogenesis in Protostomia and Deuterostomia lie in the cleavage pattern, coelom formation, blastopore fate, and the development of the nervous system. Protostomes have spiral and determinate cleavage, schizocoely, a blastopore that becomes the mouth, and a solid plate of ectodermal cells for neural development. On the other hand, deuterostomes have radial and indeterminate cleavage, enterocoely, a blastopore that becomes the anus, and a hollow tube of ectodermal cells for neural development.
Protostomia:
1. Cleavage: The zygote undergoes spiral and determinate cleavage, resulting in cells that are different from each other in terms of fate and potential.
2. Coelom formation: The coelom (body cavity) forms by the splitting of mesodermal bands, known as schizocoely.
3. Blastopore fate: The blastopore, which forms during gastrulation, becomes the mouth in most protostomes.
4. Development of the nervous system: The nervous system develops from a solid plate of ectodermal cells that invaginates to form a neural tube.
5. Fate of cells: The fate of cells is determined early in development, and their potential to differentiate into specific tissues is limited.
Deuterostomia:
1. Cleavage: The zygote undergoes radial and indeterminate cleavage, resulting in cells that are similar to each other in terms of fate and potential.
2. Coelom formation: The coelom forms by the outpocketing of the archenteron, known as enterocoely.
3. Blastopore fate: The blastopore becomes the anus in most deuterostomes, while the mouth forms from a secondary opening.
4. Development of the nervous system: The nervous system develops from a hollow tube that forms from an infolding of ectodermal cells, known as neurulation.
5. Fate of cells: The fate of cells is not determined early in development, and they retain the potential to differentiate into various tissues.
Overall, the key differences between embryogenesis in Protostomia and Deuterostomia lie in the cleavage pattern, coelom formation, blastopore fate, and the development of the nervous system. Protostomes have spiral and determinate cleavage, schizocoely, a blastopore that becomes the mouth, and a solid plate of ectodermal cells for neural development. On the other hand, deuterostomes have radial and indeterminate cleavage, enterocoely, a blastopore that becomes the anus, and a hollow tube of ectodermal cells for neural development.
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