Blastulation in frog and blastulation in chick?

Blastulation is the process of forming a blastula, which is an early stage of embryonic development characterized by a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst or blastula. While blastulation is a common process in many animals, there are some differences in the blastulation process between frogs and chicks.

In frogs, blastulation occurs after fertilization takes place. The fertilized egg, or zygote, undergoes a series of cell divisions called cleavage. These divisions result in the formation of a solid mass of cells called a morula. The morula then undergoes further cell divisions and rearrangements to form a hollow ball of cells called a blastula. The blastula consists of an outer layer of cells called the blastoderm and an inner fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel.

In chicks, blastulation also occurs after fertilization. However, the process is slightly different compared to frogs. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage divisions to form a solid mass of cells called the morula. The morula then undergoes a process called compaction, where the cells on the outer surface of the morula become tightly packed together, forming a distinct outer layer called the trophoblast. Inside the trophoblast, a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel begins to form, creating a hollow structure called the blastoderm. The blastoderm consists of an outer layer of cells called the epiblast and an inner layer called the hypoblast.

Overall, while both frogs and chicks undergo blastulation to form a blastula, there are some differences in the specific cellular rearrangements and structures formed during this process.