Outline 6 characteristics of normal labour?

1. Regular and progressive contractions: Normal labour is characterized by regular and increasingly intense contractions of the uterine muscles, which help to dilate the cervix and move the baby down the birth canal.

2. Cervical dilation and effacement: During normal labour, the cervix gradually thins out (effacement) and opens up (dilates) to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal.

3. Fetal descent: As labour progresses, the baby moves down the birth canal and into the pelvis in preparation for birth. This descent is a key characteristic of normal labour.

4. Rupture of membranes: In many cases, the amniotic sac surrounding the baby ruptures during labour, releasing amniotic fluid. This is known as the "breaking of waters" and is a common sign that labour is progressing normally.

5. Fetal heart rate monitoring: Throughout labour, the baby's heart rate is monitored to ensure that it remains within a normal range. Changes in the fetal heart rate can indicate potential complications and may require medical intervention.

6. Maternal instinct and coping mechanisms: Women in normal labour often exhibit a strong maternal instinct and develop coping mechanisms to help them manage the pain and intensity of contractions. This can include breathing techniques, movement, and support from a birth partner or healthcare provider.