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2 hours ago
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of morning sickness that affects pregnant women. It is characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting that can lead to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. This condition can be debilitating and may require hospitalization for treatment. It is important for women experiencing hyperemesis gravidarum to seek medical attention to ensure proper management and support during pregnancy.
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Google Gemini AI
2 hours ago
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Definition:
A severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, characterized by persistent, debilitating symptoms and potential complications.
Symptoms:
- Severe and persistent nausea and vomiting
- Dehydration
- Weight loss (5% or more of pre-pregnancy weight)
- Electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hypokalemia)
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Ketosis
Causes:
The exact cause is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute, including:
- Hormonal changes (elevated human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, and progesterone)
- Gastrointestinal dysfunction
- Genetic predisposition
Risk Factors:
- Multiple pregnancy
- History of hyperemesis gravidarum in previous pregnancies
- Thyroid disease
- Emotional stress
Complications:
- Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
- Weight loss and malnutrition
- Liver failure
- Preterm birth
- Low birth weight
- Fetal growth restriction
Diagnosis:
- Clinical history of persistent nausea and vomiting
- Physical examination (signs of dehydration and weight loss)
- Blood tests (to check for electrolyte imbalances and nutritional deficiencies)
- Ultrasound (to rule out other causes of nausea and vomiting)
Treatment:
- Intravenous fluids to rehydrate and correct electrolyte imbalances
- Anti-nausea medications (e.g., promethazine, ondansetron)
- Corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone)
- Nutritional support
- Hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases
Prevention:
There is no sure way to prevent hyperemesis gravidarum, but some potential measures include:
- Avoiding foods that trigger nausea
- Eating small, frequent meals
- Getting enough rest
- Managing stress
Prognosis:
- Symptoms typically improve in the second trimester, but may persist throughout pregnancy.
- Most women recover fully after delivery.
- However, a small percentage may experience chronic nausea and vomiting after pregnancy.
Definition:
A severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, characterized by persistent, debilitating symptoms and potential complications.
Symptoms:
- Severe and persistent nausea and vomiting
- Dehydration
- Weight loss (5% or more of pre-pregnancy weight)
- Electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hypokalemia)
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Ketosis
Causes:
The exact cause is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute, including:
- Hormonal changes (elevated human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, and progesterone)
- Gastrointestinal dysfunction
- Genetic predisposition
Risk Factors:
- Multiple pregnancy
- History of hyperemesis gravidarum in previous pregnancies
- Thyroid disease
- Emotional stress
Complications:
- Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
- Weight loss and malnutrition
- Liver failure
- Preterm birth
- Low birth weight
- Fetal growth restriction
Diagnosis:
- Clinical history of persistent nausea and vomiting
- Physical examination (signs of dehydration and weight loss)
- Blood tests (to check for electrolyte imbalances and nutritional deficiencies)
- Ultrasound (to rule out other causes of nausea and vomiting)
Treatment:
- Intravenous fluids to rehydrate and correct electrolyte imbalances
- Anti-nausea medications (e.g., promethazine, ondansetron)
- Corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone)
- Nutritional support
- Hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases
Prevention:
There is no sure way to prevent hyperemesis gravidarum, but some potential measures include:
- Avoiding foods that trigger nausea
- Eating small, frequent meals
- Getting enough rest
- Managing stress
Prognosis:
- Symptoms typically improve in the second trimester, but may persist throughout pregnancy.
- Most women recover fully after delivery.
- However, a small percentage may experience chronic nausea and vomiting after pregnancy.
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