1. Minerals: Soil contains various minerals such as sand, silt, and clay that provide structure and nutrients for plants to grow.
2. Organic matter: Soil also contains organic matter such as decaying plant and animal material, which helps improve soil structure, fertility, and water retention.
3. Microorganisms: Soil is teeming with microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and earthworms that play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter, cycling nutrients, and maintaining soil health.