Hygroscopic: having a tendency to absorb moisture from the air.

This property is often seen in certain materials, such as salts, sugars, and some types of plastics. Hygroscopic materials can become damp or even dissolve in humid conditions, making them useful for applications like preserving food or controlling humidity levels in a space. However, they can also be prone to clumping or caking if not stored properly in a dry environment.

Definition: Hygroscopic refers to a substance's ability to absorb moisture from the air and retain it within its structure.

Characteristics:

- Moisture absorption: Hygroscopic substances have a strong affinity for water molecules.
- Adhesion to water: The absorbed water molecules form strong bonds with the surface of the substance, leading to increased moisture content.
- Influence on physical properties: Moisture absorption can alter the physical properties of the substance, such as its volume, weight, and appearance.

Examples:

- Salt (sodium chloride): Highly hygroscopic, absorbing moisture from the air and becoming damp.
- Sugar (sucrose): Hygroscopic, drawing moisture from the air and causing clumping.
- Cellulose (paper): Absorbs moisture and becomes more pliable.
- Cotton and wool: Hygroscopic fabrics that retain moisture and feel damp.

Applications:

- Moisture control: Hygroscopic materials are used as desiccants to absorb moisture and prevent corrosion or spoilage.
- Textiles: Hygroscopic fabrics are used to create comfortable clothing that absorbs sweat and regulates body temperature.
- Food preservation: Hygroscopic substances are added to food to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.

Note: Hygroscopic substances can also release moisture back into the air when the ambient humidity decreases.