Identify 5 clinical features of torsion of the testes?

1. Sudden onset of severe testicular pain: Torsion of the testes typically presents with sudden and severe pain in the affected testicle.

2. Swelling and tenderness: The affected testicle may become swollen and tender to touch.

3. Nausea and vomiting: Some individuals with testicular torsion may experience nausea and vomiting due to the intense pain.

4. Abnormal positioning of the testicle: In some cases, the affected testicle may appear higher in the scrotum or be positioned at an abnormal angle.

5. Absent or decreased cremasteric reflex: The cremasteric reflex, which causes the testicle to retract towards the body when the inner thigh is stroked, may be absent or decreased in cases of testicular torsion.

1. Acute scrotal pain
2. Scrotal swelling
3. Erythema and tenderness of the scrotum
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. High-riding testicle