Faults that occur when making shortcrust pastry:

1. Overworking the dough: Handling the dough too much can cause the gluten in the flour to develop too much, resulting in a tough and chewy pastry.

2. Using warm ingredients: Using warm butter or water can cause the dough to become too soft and difficult to work with. It is important to use cold ingredients to ensure a flaky and tender pastry.

3. Not chilling the dough: Failing to chill the dough before rolling it out can cause it to shrink during baking. Chilling the dough allows the gluten to relax and prevents the pastry from becoming tough.

4. Rolling the dough too thin: Rolling the dough too thin can cause it to break or tear when transferring it to the pie dish. It is important to roll the dough to the correct thickness to ensure a sturdy crust.

5. Not blind baking the crust: Blind baking the crust before adding the filling helps to prevent a soggy bottom. Failing to blind bake the crust can result in a undercooked or soggy pastry.

6. Using too much flour when rolling out the dough: Using too much flour when rolling out the dough can cause the pastry to become tough and dry. It is important to use just enough flour to prevent sticking, but not too much.

7. Not sealing the edges properly: Failing to seal the edges of the pastry can cause the filling to leak out during baking. It is important to crimp or seal the edges of the pastry to prevent this from happening.

Dough too dry:
- Cracks when rolled out
- Difficult to handle
- Produces a tough, crumbly crust

Dough too wet:
- Sticky and difficult to work with
- Spreads too thinly in the oven
- Produces a soggy crust

Uneven distribution of fat:
- Produces a crust with inconsistent texture
- Can cause pockets of fat to form

Overworking the dough:
- Develops the gluten, making the crust tough
- Difficult to roll out without tearing

Not chilling the dough:
- Fat melts too quickly in the oven, resulting in a greasy crust
- Difficult to handle and roll out

Adding too much flour:
- Makes the crust dry and tough
- Reduces the flakiness

Not handling the dough gently:
- Can damage the layers and reduce the flakiness

Overbaking:
- Dries out the crust and makes it hard
- Can burn the edges

Other:
- Using stale flour
- Not using cold butter or lard
- Not using enough salt