Discuss the procedures followed when initiating the electric arcs with such electrodes.

When initiating electric arcs with electrodes, there are several procedures that are typically followed to ensure a safe and effective process. These procedures may vary depending on the specific type of electrode being used, but some common steps include:

1. Preparation: Before initiating the electric arc, it is important to properly prepare the electrode and the workpiece. This may involve cleaning the electrode to remove any contaminants, ensuring that the workpiece is properly positioned and secured, and checking that all necessary safety equipment is in place.

2. Positioning: The electrode should be positioned at the correct angle and distance from the workpiece to ensure that the arc is initiated properly. This may involve using a welding helmet or other protective gear to shield the eyes from the bright light produced by the arc.

3. Striking the arc: To initiate the electric arc, the electrode is brought into contact with the workpiece and then quickly withdrawn to create a gap. A high voltage is then applied to the electrode, which ionizes the air and creates a conductive path for the current to flow, resulting in the formation of the arc.

4. Adjusting the settings: Once the arc has been initiated, the settings on the welding machine may need to be adjusted to ensure that the welding process proceeds smoothly. This may involve adjusting the current, voltage, or wire feed speed to achieve the desired weld quality.

5. Monitoring the arc: Throughout the welding process, it is important to monitor the arc to ensure that it remains stable and that the weld is progressing as desired. This may involve making adjustments to the electrode position or settings as needed.

Overall, the procedures followed when initiating electric arcs with electrodes are designed to ensure that the welding process is carried out safely and effectively, resulting in a high-quality weld. By following these steps carefully, welders can achieve consistent and reliable results in their welding projects.

Procedures for Initiating Electric Arcs with Electrodes

1. Preparation:

- Ensure the electrodes are clean and free of any contaminants.
- Properly install the electrodes in the electrode holder or welding machine.
- Adjust the electrode gap to the desired width.

2. Initial Contact:

- Bring the electrodes into gentle contact.
- Apply a small amount of current to create a pilot arc.
- Once the pilot arc is established, slowly separate the electrodes.

3. Establishing the Main Arc:

- Increase the current until the main arc is ignited.
- Adjust the current and voltage to achieve the desired arc length and stability.

4. Maintaining the Arc:

- Monitor the arc length and adjust the electrode gap as needed.
- Make sure the arc is stable and free of excessive spatter.
- Ensure the electrodes are consumed at a uniform rate.

Additional Considerations:

- Electrode Type: Different types of electrodes require different procedures for initiating arcs. For example, tungsten electrodes used in TIG welding require a "scratch start" method, while carbon electrodes can be ignited by touching them together.
- Welding Machine: The type of welding machine used can also influence the procedures. For example, AC welding machines require a different starting technique than DC machines.
- Gas Shielding: If the welding process requires gas shielding, it should be activated before initiating the arc.
- Safety Precautions: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment and observe proper safety protocols when working with electric arcs.