Different between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system ?

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are two branches of the autonomic nervous system that work together to regulate involuntary bodily functions.

1. Sympathetic Nervous System:
- The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response to stress or danger.
- It increases heart rate, dilates the pupils, and redirects blood flow to the muscles to prepare the body for action.
- It is activated in response to stress, fear, or excitement.
- It is known as the "accelerator" system because it speeds up bodily functions.

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System:
- The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response, promoting relaxation and recovery.
- It slows heart rate, constricts the pupils, and stimulates digestion and elimination.
- It is activated during periods of rest, relaxation, and digestion.
- It is known as the "brake" system because it slows down bodily functions.

In summary, the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action in response to stress, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes relaxation and recovery during periods of rest. Both systems work together to maintain balance and regulate bodily functions.

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

- Function: Mobilizes the body for "fight or flight" response
- Neurotransmitter: Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
- Ganglia: Located near the spinal cord
- Effects:
- Increases heart rate
- Dilates pupils
- Relaxes bronchial tubes
- Activates sweat glands
- Slows down digestion
- Example: Activation during exercise or stress

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

- Function: Calms the body and promotes "rest and digest" functions
- Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
- Ganglia: Located near the organs they innervate
- Effects:
- Decreases heart rate
- Constricts pupils
- Constricts bronchial tubes
- Activates digestive system
- Example: Activation during relaxation or sleep

Key Differences:

- Function: Fight or flight (SNS) vs. rest and digest (PNS)
- Neurotransmitter: Noradrenaline (SNS) vs. Acetylcholine (PNS)
- Ganglia location: Near spinal cord (SNS) vs. Near organs (PNS)
- Effects: Opposing effects on various organs and systems
- Activation: SNS is activated during stress and exercise, while PNS is activated during relaxation and sleep