Explain that observation: A racemic mixture or racemate does not rotate plane-polarized light.

A racemic mixture is a mixture of equal amounts of two enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other and have opposite optical activities. When a racemic mixture is exposed to plane-polarized light, the rotations caused by the two enantiomers cancel each other out, resulting in no net rotation of the plane-polarized light. This is why a racemic mixture does not rotate plane-polarized light.

A racemic mixture, also known as a racemate, is a mixture of equal amounts of two enantiomers, which are mirror-image isomers. Enantiomers have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms.

In the case of chiral molecules, which have a non-superimposable mirror image, enantiomers interact with plane-polarized light in different ways. One enantiomer rotates the plane of polarization clockwise (dextrorotatory), while the other enantiomer rotates it counterclockwise (levorotatory).

When two enantiomers are present in equal amounts in a racemic mixture, the clockwise and counterclockwise rotations cancel each other out. This is because the individual rotations of the enantiomers have equal magnitude but opposite directions. As a result, the net rotation of the racemic mixture is zero, and it does not rotate plane-polarized light.

Therefore, a racemic mixture or racemate does not rotate plane-polarized light because the equal and opposite rotations of the two enantiomers cancel each other out.

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