Causes of cervical cancer?

The primary cause of cervical cancer is infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus. Other factors that can increase the risk of developing cervical cancer include:

1. Smoking
2. Weakened immune system
3. Long-term use of oral contraceptives
4. Multiple sexual partners
5. Early age at first sexual intercourse
6. History of sexually transmitted infections
7. Family history of cervical cancer
8. Poor diet and lack of physical activity

It is important to note that not all women with these risk factors will develop cervical cancer, and some women without these risk factors may still develop the disease. Regular screening with Pap tests and HPV tests can help detect cervical cancer early when it is most treatable.

1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV):
- The primary cause of cervical cancer
- Over 99% of cases are caused by HPV infection
- Most common HPV types associated with cervical cancer: Type 16 (50-60% of cases) and Type 18 (10-15% of cases)

2. Other Risk Factors:
- Age: Peak incidence between 35-44 years
- Multiple sexual partners
- Early age of sexual initiation
- Immunocompromised status (e.g., HIV)
- Smoking
- Long-term oral contraceptive use
- Prolonged exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Factors that May Increase Risk:

- Family history of cervical cancer
- Certain genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2)
- Obesity
- Chlamydia infection

Factors that May Protect Against Risk:

- Regular Pap smear screening
- HPV vaccination
- Barrier contraception (e.g., condoms)
- Use of intrauterine devices (IUDs)