Yuan dynasty ?

The Yuan dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1271 to 1368. It was founded by Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, and was the first foreign-led dynasty to rule all of China. The dynasty was established after Kublai Khan successfully conquered the Southern Song dynasty and unified China.

During the Yuan dynasty, Kublai Khan moved the capital from Karakorum to Beijing and established a centralized government. The dynasty was known for its strong military and efficient administration. Kublai Khan also implemented policies to promote trade and cultural exchange, such as the construction of the Grand Canal and the establishment of the Pax Mongolica, which facilitated trade along the Silk Road.

The Yuan dynasty was also notable for its adoption of Mongol culture and traditions. Mongolian was the official language, and many Mongol customs and practices were incorporated into Chinese society. However, the Mongol ruling class faced resistance from the Chinese population, leading to social and cultural tensions.

The Yuan dynasty came to an end in 1368 when the Chinese rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Mongol rulers and established the Ming dynasty. The fall of the Yuan dynasty marked the return of native Chinese rule and the end of Mongol dominance in China.