Deh Swaggz
Apr 11
With the help of chemical equation, explain how you can remove each type of hardness water ?
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Apr 11
There are two main types of hardness in water: temporary hardness and permanent hardness.
1. Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling the water. When water is boiled, the calcium and magnesium ions that cause temporary hardness react with bicarbonate ions in the water to form insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. The chemical equation for this reaction is:
Ca(HCO3)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Mg(HCO3)2 (aq) → Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
The insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide can then be removed by filtration or settling.
2. Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions in the form of sulfates or chlorides. Permanent hardness can be removed by adding a chemical compound that forms insoluble precipitates with the calcium and magnesium ions. One common method is to add sodium carbonate (washing soda) to the water, which reacts with the calcium and magnesium ions to form insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. The chemical equation for this reaction is:
CaCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
MgSO4 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → MgCO3 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq)
The insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate can then be removed by filtration or settling.
1. Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling the water. When water is boiled, the calcium and magnesium ions that cause temporary hardness react with bicarbonate ions in the water to form insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. The chemical equation for this reaction is:
Ca(HCO3)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Mg(HCO3)2 (aq) → Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
The insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide can then be removed by filtration or settling.
2. Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions in the form of sulfates or chlorides. Permanent hardness can be removed by adding a chemical compound that forms insoluble precipitates with the calcium and magnesium ions. One common method is to add sodium carbonate (washing soda) to the water, which reacts with the calcium and magnesium ions to form insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. The chemical equation for this reaction is:
CaCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
MgSO4 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → MgCO3 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq)
The insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate can then be removed by filtration or settling.
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