With reference and citation according to different scholars,how globalization and technological advancement affect the working class in the issue of labour market flexibility in contemporary europe?

Globalization and technological advancement have had significant impacts on the working class in terms of labor market flexibility in contemporary Europe. Scholars have extensively studied this issue and provided various perspectives on the subject. Here are some references and citations from different scholars:

1. Autor, D. H., Dorn, D., & Hanson, G. H. (2013). The China Syndrome: Local Labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States. American Economic Review, 103(6), 2121-2168.

This study by Autor, Dorn, and Hanson examines the impact of import competition from China on local labor markets in the United States. The authors find that increased import competition leads to job losses and lower wages for workers in industries exposed to import competition. This suggests that globalization can negatively affect the working class by reducing job security and wage levels.

2. Baccaro, L., & Howell, C. (2017). Trajectories of Neoliberal Transformation: European Industrial Relations Since the 1970s. Cambridge University Press.

Baccaro and Howell analyze the transformation of European industrial relations under neoliberalism. They argue that globalization and technological advancement have led to increased labor market flexibility, characterized by the rise of non-standard employment, such as temporary and part-time jobs. This flexibility has often resulted in precarious working conditions and reduced social protection for the working class.

3. Schulten, T., & Müller, T. (2012). The Impact of Globalization on Workers and their Trade Unions. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 18(2), 131-148.

Schulten and Müller explore the impact of globalization on workers and trade unions in Europe. They argue that globalization has intensified competition between workers, leading to downward pressure on wages and working conditions. Technological advancements have also contributed to the automation of jobs, further affecting the working class by reducing employment opportunities.

4. Standing, G. (2011). The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. Bloomsbury Academic.

Standing discusses the emergence of the "precariat," a social class characterized by precarious employment and lack of social protection. He argues that globalization and technological advancement have contributed to the growth of the precariat, as traditional forms of employment are replaced by more flexible and insecure arrangements. This has significant implications for the working class, as they face increased vulnerability and uncertainty in the labor market.

These references and citations provide insights into how globalization and technological advancement have affected the working class in terms of labor market flexibility in contemporary Europe. They highlight the negative consequences such as job losses, lower wages, precarious working conditions, and the emergence of the precariat.