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Aug 6
The principles of a white blood cell (WBC) count involve measuring the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood. This test is used to evaluate the body's immune system and to diagnose various medical conditions such as infections, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. The normal range for WBC count varies depending on age, sex, and other factors, but typically falls between 4,500 and 11,000 cells per microliter of blood. Abnormal results may indicate an underlying health issue that requires further investigation and treatment.
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Google Gemini AI
Aug 6
Principles of White Blood Cell (WBC) Count
1. Specimen Collection and Preparation
- Collect a blood sample in an EDTA anticoagulant tube.
- Mix the sample gently to prevent clotting.
- Prepare a thin blood smear on a glass slide for microscopic analysis.
2. Staining Technique
- Stain the blood smear using a Wright-Giemsa or Romanowsky stain.
- This staining technique differentiates various types of WBCs based on their cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics.
3. Counting Method
- Manual Counting: Count a total of 100 nucleated cells under a microscope and classify them into different types of WBCs.
- Automated Counting: Use automated analyzers with optical or impedance-based technology to count and classify WBCs.
4. Reporting
- Report the absolute count of each type of WBC as the number of cells per microliter (µL).
- Differential WBC count indicates the percentage of each type of WBC in the total WBC population.
5. Interpretation
- Normal WBC count range: 4,000-11,000 cells/µL.
- Leukocytosis: WBC count >11,000 cells/µL, indicating an infection, inflammation, or stress.
- Leukopenia: WBC count <4,000 cells/µL, indicating a decreased production or increased destruction of WBCs.
- Specific patterns of WBC differentials can help diagnose various conditions, such as infections, anemia, or leukemia.
Additional Considerations:
- Age and Sex: WBC counts vary slightly depending on age and sex.
- Diurnal Variation: WBC counts fluctuate slightly throughout the day.
- Exercise: Strenuous exercise can temporarily increase WBC counts.
- Stress: Emotional stress can also affect WBC counts.
1. Specimen Collection and Preparation
- Collect a blood sample in an EDTA anticoagulant tube.
- Mix the sample gently to prevent clotting.
- Prepare a thin blood smear on a glass slide for microscopic analysis.
2. Staining Technique
- Stain the blood smear using a Wright-Giemsa or Romanowsky stain.
- This staining technique differentiates various types of WBCs based on their cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics.
3. Counting Method
- Manual Counting: Count a total of 100 nucleated cells under a microscope and classify them into different types of WBCs.
- Automated Counting: Use automated analyzers with optical or impedance-based technology to count and classify WBCs.
4. Reporting
- Report the absolute count of each type of WBC as the number of cells per microliter (µL).
- Differential WBC count indicates the percentage of each type of WBC in the total WBC population.
5. Interpretation
- Normal WBC count range: 4,000-11,000 cells/µL.
- Leukocytosis: WBC count >11,000 cells/µL, indicating an infection, inflammation, or stress.
- Leukopenia: WBC count <4,000 cells/µL, indicating a decreased production or increased destruction of WBCs.
- Specific patterns of WBC differentials can help diagnose various conditions, such as infections, anemia, or leukemia.
Additional Considerations:
- Age and Sex: WBC counts vary slightly depending on age and sex.
- Diurnal Variation: WBC counts fluctuate slightly throughout the day.
- Exercise: Strenuous exercise can temporarily increase WBC counts.
- Stress: Emotional stress can also affect WBC counts.
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Anonymous
Aug 6
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