What does the formal operational cognitive development stage state according to Jean Piaget?

The formal operational cognitive development stage, according to Jean Piaget, is the fourth and final stage of cognitive development in which individuals develop the ability to think abstractly and logically. This stage typically occurs during adolescence and continues into adulthood. In this stage, individuals are able to think about hypothetical situations, use deductive reasoning, and understand complex concepts. They are also able to think about multiple possibilities and consider different perspectives. Overall, the formal operational stage represents a higher level of cognitive functioning compared to the previous stages.

- Abstract reasoning: The ability to think in abstract terms and understand complex concepts.
- Deductive reasoning: The ability to use rules and principles to solve problems.
- Hypothetical reasoning: The ability to generate and test hypotheses.