Tension Headache
Definition:
Tension headache is the most common type of headache, characterized by a tight band or pressure around the head, often accompanied by neck, shoulder, or scalp pain.
Causes:
- Stress and anxiety
- Muscle tension in the head, neck, and shoulders
- Fatigue
- Poor posture
- Caffeine withdrawal
Symptoms:
- Dull, aching, or pressing pain around the head, often starting at the base of the skull or temples
- Tightness or pressure in the forehead, cheeks, or scalp
- Neck, shoulder, or back pain
- Sensitivity to light and sound
- Difficulty concentrating
Diagnosis:
- Typically based on a patient's description of symptoms
- Physical examination may rule out other underlying conditions
Treatment:
- Over-the-counter pain relievers: Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or naproxen sodium
- Prescription pain medication: For severe or persistent headaches
- Muscle relaxants: To relieve muscle tension
- Triptans: Medications specifically designed to treat migraine headaches
- Non-pharmacological therapies:
- Stress management techniques (e.g., meditation, yoga)
- Exercise
- Massage therapy
- Biofeedback
- Acupuncture
Prevention:
- Manage stress levels
- Improve posture
- Get regular exercise
- Maintain a healthy sleep-wake cycle
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol excess
- Stay hydrated
Other Considerations:
- Tension headaches can be chronic (occurring more than 15 days per month) or episodic (occurring less than 15 days per month).
- It is important to rule out other underlying conditions that may cause headaches, such as sinus infections, brain tumors, or high blood pressure.
- If headaches are severe, persistent, or accompanied by neurological symptoms (e.g., vision changes, weakness, numbness), seek medical attention promptly.