What causes stomach ulcers?

Stomach ulcers are typically caused by a bacterial infection known as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) or by long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Other factors that can contribute to the development of stomach ulcers include excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, and a diet high in spicy or acidic foods. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Crohn's disease, and liver or kidney disease can also increase the risk of developing stomach ulcers.

- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: H. pylori is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach and produces enzymes that can damage the lining of the stomach.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, can irritate and damage the lining of the stomach.
- Alcohol abuse: Alcohol can damage the protective layer of mucus that lines the stomach and make it more vulnerable to damage from H. pylori and NSAIDs.
- Stress: Stress can increase the production of stomach acid, which can irritate the lining of the stomach.
- Smoking: Smoking can damage the protective layer of mucus that lines the stomach and make it more vulnerable to damage from H. pylori and NSAIDs.
- Certain medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as Crohn's disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, can increase the risk of developing stomach ulcers.