1. Values: Shared beliefs, principles, and ideals that guide behavior and shape social norms. 2. Norms: Unwritten rules that govern appropriate behavior within a society. They can be formal (laws) or informal (social conventions). 3. Symbols: Objects, gestures, or words that represent deeper meanings and connect people to their culture. 4. Language: The primary means of communication, which reflects the unique perspectives and experiences of a culture. 5. Artifacts: Physical creations that reflect the skills, technologies, and values of a society. They include tangible objects like tools, clothing, and art.