What are extraneous variable and independent variables?

Extraneous variables are variables that are not of interest to the researcher but can affect the outcome of the study. These variables can potentially confound the results and lead to inaccurate conclusions if not controlled for.

Independent variables, on the other hand, are variables that are manipulated or controlled by the researcher in an experiment to determine their effect on the dependent variable. Independent variables are the variables that are hypothesized to cause a change in the dependent variable and are the focus of the study.