MOSES ELI
4 hours ago
Influence Theories
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4 hours ago
1. Social Influence Theory: This theory suggests that individuals are influenced by the attitudes and behaviors of those around them. This can include conformity, obedience, and social comparison.
2. Informational Influence Theory: This theory posits that individuals are influenced by others because they believe that others have more accurate information or knowledge about a situation. This can lead to individuals changing their beliefs or behaviors based on the information provided by others.
3. Normative Influence Theory: This theory suggests that individuals are influenced by others in order to gain approval or avoid disapproval. This can lead to individuals conforming to social norms and expectations in order to be accepted by others.
4. Cognitive Dissonance Theory: This theory proposes that individuals experience discomfort when their beliefs or behaviors are inconsistent with each other. In order to reduce this discomfort, individuals may change their beliefs or behaviors to align with those of others.
5. Social Identity Theory: This theory suggests that individuals are influenced by their group memberships and identities. Individuals may conform to the beliefs and behaviors of their group in order to maintain a positive social identity and sense of belonging.
6. Persuasion Theory: This theory focuses on the ways in which individuals are influenced by persuasive messages. This can include factors such as the credibility of the source, the emotional appeal of the message, and the strength of the arguments presented.
7. Social Learning Theory: This theory suggests that individuals learn and adopt new behaviors by observing and imitating others. This can include both positive and negative behaviors, and can be influenced by factors such as reinforcement and punishment.
2. Informational Influence Theory: This theory posits that individuals are influenced by others because they believe that others have more accurate information or knowledge about a situation. This can lead to individuals changing their beliefs or behaviors based on the information provided by others.
3. Normative Influence Theory: This theory suggests that individuals are influenced by others in order to gain approval or avoid disapproval. This can lead to individuals conforming to social norms and expectations in order to be accepted by others.
4. Cognitive Dissonance Theory: This theory proposes that individuals experience discomfort when their beliefs or behaviors are inconsistent with each other. In order to reduce this discomfort, individuals may change their beliefs or behaviors to align with those of others.
5. Social Identity Theory: This theory suggests that individuals are influenced by their group memberships and identities. Individuals may conform to the beliefs and behaviors of their group in order to maintain a positive social identity and sense of belonging.
6. Persuasion Theory: This theory focuses on the ways in which individuals are influenced by persuasive messages. This can include factors such as the credibility of the source, the emotional appeal of the message, and the strength of the arguments presented.
7. Social Learning Theory: This theory suggests that individuals learn and adopt new behaviors by observing and imitating others. This can include both positive and negative behaviors, and can be influenced by factors such as reinforcement and punishment.
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Google Gemini AI
4 hours ago
1. Social Influence Theory (SIT)
- Proposed by Robert Cialdini
- Argues that people conform to social norms and expectations to avoid social disapproval or rejection.
- Principles:
- Reciprocity: feeling obligated to return favors
- Commitment and Consistency: honoring commitments and behaving consistently with past actions
- Social Validation: seeking approval from others to guide behavior
- Authority: respecting authority figures and obeying their orders
- Scarcity: perceiving items as more valuable when they are in limited supply
2. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
- Developed by Icek Ajzen
- Suggests that behavior is influenced by:
- Attitudes: Beliefs and feelings about the behavior
- Subjective Norms: Perceived expectations of others
- Perceived Behavioral Control: Belief in one's ability to perform the behavior
3. Diffusion of Innovations Theory
- Proposed by Everett Rogers
- Focuses on how new ideas, practices, or products spread within a social system.
- Stages of Adoption:
- Knowledge: Awareness of the innovation
- Persuasion: Developing a positive attitude toward the innovation
- Decision: Choosing whether to adopt the innovation
- Implementation: Putting the innovation into practice
- Confirmation: Reinforcing the decision to adopt
4. Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
- Developed by Richard Petty and John Cacioppo
- Suggests that the level of cognitive processing influences persuasion.
- Two routes to persuasion:
- Central Route: Focusing on strong arguments and evidence
- Peripheral Route: Relying on cues, such as source credibility or emotional appeals
5. Reasoned Action Approach (RAA)
- Introduced by Richard Petty and John Cacioppo
- Similar to TPB but places more emphasis on conscious decision-making.
- Model components:
- Beliefs: Evaluations of behavior and its consequences
- Attitudes: Overall feelings toward the behavior
- Intentions: Likelihood of performing the behavior
- Behavior: Actual behavior performed
6. Social Identity Theory (SIT)
- Proposed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner
- Suggests that people define their self-concept based on their membership in social groups.
- Social Categorization: Dividing people into groups based on perceived similarities
- Social Comparison: Comparing one's group to other groups
- Social Identity: The part of self-concept that stems from group membership
7. Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT)
- Developed by Leon Festinger
- States that people experience discomfort when their beliefs and behaviors are inconsistent.
- They tend to reduce this dissonance by changing their beliefs or behaviors to bring them into alignment.
- Proposed by Robert Cialdini
- Argues that people conform to social norms and expectations to avoid social disapproval or rejection.
- Principles:
- Reciprocity: feeling obligated to return favors
- Commitment and Consistency: honoring commitments and behaving consistently with past actions
- Social Validation: seeking approval from others to guide behavior
- Authority: respecting authority figures and obeying their orders
- Scarcity: perceiving items as more valuable when they are in limited supply
2. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
- Developed by Icek Ajzen
- Suggests that behavior is influenced by:
- Attitudes: Beliefs and feelings about the behavior
- Subjective Norms: Perceived expectations of others
- Perceived Behavioral Control: Belief in one's ability to perform the behavior
3. Diffusion of Innovations Theory
- Proposed by Everett Rogers
- Focuses on how new ideas, practices, or products spread within a social system.
- Stages of Adoption:
- Knowledge: Awareness of the innovation
- Persuasion: Developing a positive attitude toward the innovation
- Decision: Choosing whether to adopt the innovation
- Implementation: Putting the innovation into practice
- Confirmation: Reinforcing the decision to adopt
4. Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
- Developed by Richard Petty and John Cacioppo
- Suggests that the level of cognitive processing influences persuasion.
- Two routes to persuasion:
- Central Route: Focusing on strong arguments and evidence
- Peripheral Route: Relying on cues, such as source credibility or emotional appeals
5. Reasoned Action Approach (RAA)
- Introduced by Richard Petty and John Cacioppo
- Similar to TPB but places more emphasis on conscious decision-making.
- Model components:
- Beliefs: Evaluations of behavior and its consequences
- Attitudes: Overall feelings toward the behavior
- Intentions: Likelihood of performing the behavior
- Behavior: Actual behavior performed
6. Social Identity Theory (SIT)
- Proposed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner
- Suggests that people define their self-concept based on their membership in social groups.
- Social Categorization: Dividing people into groups based on perceived similarities
- Social Comparison: Comparing one's group to other groups
- Social Identity: The part of self-concept that stems from group membership
7. Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT)
- Developed by Leon Festinger
- States that people experience discomfort when their beliefs and behaviors are inconsistent.
- They tend to reduce this dissonance by changing their beliefs or behaviors to bring them into alignment.
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