Using appropriate examples explain what you understand by cohesion of stamens?

Cohesion of stamens refers to the degree of attachment or fusion between the individual stamens within a flower. It describes how the filaments (stalks) of the stamens are joined together.

There are different levels of cohesion that can be observed in flowers:

1. Free stamens: In some flowers, the stamens are completely separate from each other, with no fusion or attachment. Each stamen has its own individual filament and anther. For example, in a lily flower, the stamens are free and not connected to each other.

2. Partial cohesion: In certain flowers, some of the stamens may be partially fused together, while others remain free. This can be seen in flowers like the hibiscus, where the stamens are partially fused at the base, forming a tube-like structure.

3. Complete cohesion: In some flowers, all the stamens are completely fused together, forming a single structure. This is commonly observed in flowers of the family Solanaceae, such as tomatoes and potatoes. The fused stamens form a tube-like structure called a staminal column, with the anthers positioned at the top.

The level of cohesion of stamens can have functional and evolutionary implications. It can affect the way pollen is released and transferred, as well as the efficiency of pollination. For example, in flowers with complete cohesion, the anthers are positioned close together, making it easier for pollinators to collect pollen. Additionally, cohesion can also contribute to the overall shape and structure of the flower, influencing its appearance and attractiveness to pollinators.