1. Helical Springs: - Coil Springs: Made from wire wound into a helical shape, offering resistance to compression or tension. - Compression Springs: Designed to resist compression forces, with coils that come together when compressed. - Tension Springs: Resist tensile forces, with coils that extend and separate when stretched.
2. Leaf Springs: - Single Leaf Springs: Consists of a single, arched metal strip, providing both vertical stiffness and lateral guidance. - Multi-Leaf Springs: A stack of individual leaf springs assembled together, providing increased load capacity and stiffness.
3. Torsion Springs: - Coil Torsion Springs: Wound in a helical shape with one end fixed and the other free to rotate, resisting twisting forces. - Flat Torsion Springs: Made from a flat, coiled strip of metal, providing resistance to twisting.
4. Belleville Springs: - Conical Belleville Washers: Conical-shaped washers that provide a constant spring force over a short travel distance. - Belleville Stacks: Multiple Belleville washers stacked together for increased load capacity and travel.
5. Gas Springs: - Nitrogen Gas Springs: Contain pressurized nitrogen gas that acts as the spring element, providing both compression and extension forces. - Hydraulic Gas Springs: Similar to nitrogen gas springs but use a combination of gas and hydraulic fluid for smooth and controlled operation.
6. Elastomeric Springs: - Rubber Springs: Made from solid or foamed rubber, offering vibration damping and a wide range of stiffness options. - Polyurethane Springs: Similar to rubber springs but with increased resistance to wear and tear.
7. Composite Springs: - Fiberglass Springs: Made from fiberglass-reinforced polymers, offering high strength, corrosion resistance, and lightweight properties. - Carbon Fiber Springs: Constructed from carbon fiber composites, providing exceptional stiffness, strength, and weight reduction.
8. Wave Springs: - Constant Force Wave Springs: Wound in a wavy pattern, delivering a constant spring force over a wide travel range. - Variable Force Wave Springs: Provide a variable spring force as the spring compresses or extends.