Explain the difference between timber and metal as construction in terms of strength, durability, and application in building.

Timber and metal are two common materials used in construction, each with its own set of strengths and weaknesses.

Strength:
- Timber is a strong material, especially when used in combination with other materials like steel or concrete. It is able to support heavy loads and withstand external forces such as wind and earthquakes.
- Metal, on the other hand, is generally stronger than timber and can support even heavier loads. It is often used in large-scale construction projects where high strength is required.

Durability:
- Timber is susceptible to rot, decay, and insect infestation if not properly treated. However, with proper maintenance and treatment, timber can last for many years.
- Metal is more durable than timber and is resistant to rot, decay, and insect infestation. It is also fire-resistant and can withstand harsh weather conditions.

Application in building:
- Timber is commonly used in residential construction for framing, flooring, and finishing. It is also used in smaller-scale commercial projects.
- Metal is often used in larger commercial and industrial projects where high strength and durability are required. It is commonly used for structural elements such as beams, columns, and trusses.

In conclusion, both timber and metal have their own advantages and disadvantages when it comes to construction. Timber is strong and durable when properly maintained, while metal is generally stronger and more durable. The choice between the two materials depends on the specific requirements of the project and the desired aesthetic.

Strength:

- Timber: Varies depending on the species, but generally strong in compression (parallel to the grain) and weak in tension (perpendicular to the grain).
- Metal: Extremely strong in both compression and tension, providing high bearing capacity.

Durability:

- Timber: Susceptible to rot, decay, and insect infestation if not properly treated. Can also shrink or warp with changes in moisture content.
- Metal: Highly durable against decay, but can corrode or rust if not protected.

Application in Building:

Timber:

- Primary structural members: Beams, columns, trusses, joists
- Exterior applications: Siding, decks, fences
- Interior applications: Flooring, framing, cabinetry

Metal:

- Primary structural members: Beams, columns, girders, trusses
- Exterior applications: Roofing, cladding, fascia boards
- Interior applications: Studs, joists, furring strips, ceilings

Specific Advantages and Disadvantages:

Timber:

- Advantages:
- Renewable and sustainable resource
- Warm and aesthetically pleasing
- Good thermal insulation
- Disadvantages:
- Lower strength-to-weight ratio compared to metal
- Susceptible to fire, moisture, and pests

Metal:

- Advantages:
- High strength-to-weight ratio
- Durable and long-lasting
- Resistant to moisture and pests
- Disadvantages:
- Expensive compared to timber
- Poor thermal insulation
- Prone to corrosion if not treated