Body Language:
- Posture: Upright, relaxed, or slumped, forward-leaning or backward-leaning.
- Gesturing: Hands, arms, and legs used to emphasize, illustrate, or express emotions.
- Facial expressions: Smiling, frowning, grimacing, raised eyebrows.
- Eye contact: Direct, indirect, brief, or sustained.
- Personal space: The distance maintained between individuals in social interactions.
Paralanguage:
- Volume: Loud, quiet, or whispering.
- Tone: High-pitched, low-pitched, or monotonous.
- Pace: Fast, slow, or rhythmic.
- Inflection: The rise and fall of voice used to emphasize certain words.
- Pauses: Deliberate or unintentional silences in communication.
Appearance:
- Clothing: The type, style, and fit of clothing can convey messages about identity, social status, or mood.
- Grooming: Hair, nails, and overall hygiene can reflect personal habits and self-image.
- Jewelry and accessories: Rings, necklaces, watches, and bags can indicate personality, style, or status.
Other Nonverbal Cues:
- Touch: Handshakes, hugs, pats on the shoulder.
- Scent: Perfume, cologne, or body odor.
- Color: The use of colors in clothing, environment, or objects can evoke emotions and convey meaning.
- Objects: Carrying certain items, such as a briefcase or a book, can signal status, occupation, or interests.
- Silence: The deliberate lack of communication can sometimes be a powerful message in itself.