1. Monarchy
- Power is vested in a single individual, typically a king or queen, who is usually hereditary.
- The monarch may have absolute power or may share power with a parliament or other representative body.
- Examples: Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Japan
2. Dictatorship
- Power is vested in a single individual who has absolute control over the government and its policies.
- There is no freedom of speech or assembly, and political dissent is often suppressed.
- Examples: North Korea, Cuba, China
3. Oligarchy
- Power is vested in a small group of individuals who have disproportionate influence over the government and its policies.
- The oligarchy may be based on wealth, social status, or other factors.
- Examples: Russia, China, the United States (to some extent)
4. Democracy
- Power is vested in the people, who elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
- There is freedom of speech and assembly, and political dissent is tolerated.
- Examples: United States, Canada, India
5. Republic
- Power is vested in the people, who elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
- The head of state is usually elected, and there is a separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.
- Examples: United States, France, Germany
6. Federation
- Power is shared between a central government and several regional or state governments.
- The central government is responsible for matters of national importance, while the regional or state governments are responsible for local matters.
- Examples: United States, Canada, India
7. Confederation
- Power is vested in a loose association of independent states or provinces.
- The central government has limited powers, and the member states retain most of their sovereignty.
- Examples: European Union, African Union