Traditional Knowledge
Traditional knowledge refers to the knowledge, innovations, and practices that have been developed, sustained, and transmitted across generations within a particular cultural group or community. It often incorporates spiritual, cultural, and environmental aspects and is rooted in the customs and traditions of the group.
Characteristics of Traditional Knowledge:
- Transmitted orally or through demonstration
- Evolved over time through trial and error
- Maintained and shared within a specific cultural group
- Often linked to specific geographical areas or environments
- Can cover a wide range of topics, including agriculture, medicine, food preparation, and craftsmanship
Traditional Cultural Expressions
Traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) are the tangible and intangible manifestations of traditional knowledge, including:
- Music, dance, and folklore
- Stories, myths, and legends
- Visual arts, such as paintings, carvings, and textiles
- Craftsmanship and techniques
- Culinary traditions and ceremonies
Genetic Resources
Genetic resources are the genetic material of plants, animals, and microorganisms that have potential use for scientific research, breeding, or commercial purposes. They include traditional varieties of crops and livestock that have been developed and maintained by indigenous and local communities.
Intellectual Property
Intellectual property (IP) refers to legal protections granted to individuals or organizations for their creations or innovations. The three main types of IP relevant to traditional knowledge are:
- Copyright: Protects original works, such as literary, musical, and artistic works
- Trademarks: Protect distinctive signs that identify goods or services
- Patents: Protect inventions and new processes