Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that the induced electromotive force (emf) in any closed circuit is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
emf = -dΦ/dt
where emf is the induced electromotive force, dΦ/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux, and the negative sign indicates that the induced emf opposes the change in magnetic flux.