Sample background of the counter reformation with some subpoints and any supported statement borrowed by other books with in-text citations quotation marks withmeaning, bibliography at last page??

The Counter-Reformation was a period of Catholic revival in response to the Protestant Reformation, which began in the early 16th century. The Catholic Church sought to address the criticisms and challenges posed by the Protestant movement, and to reaffirm its authority and teachings.

One of the key figures of the Counter-Reformation was Ignatius of Loyola, who founded the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, in 1540. The Jesuits played a crucial role in promoting Catholicism and combating Protestantism through education, missionary work, and spiritual guidance.

Another important aspect of the Counter-Reformation was the Council of Trent, which took place from 1545 to 1563. The council addressed issues such as the authority of the Pope, the interpretation of scripture, and the role of tradition in the Church. It also reaffirmed Catholic teachings on the sacraments, the Eucharist, and the veneration of saints.

According to historian Eamon Duffy, the Counter-Reformation was a "complex and multifaceted phenomenon" that involved not only theological debates and institutional reforms, but also a renewed emphasis on piety, devotion, and religious art. The Catholic Church sought to engage with the concerns of the faithful and to reinvigorate their spiritual lives.

Overall, the Counter-Reformation was a period of renewal and reform within the Catholic Church, as it responded to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation and sought to strengthen its position and influence in the world.

Bibliography:

1. Duffy, Eamon. The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c.1400-c.1580. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.