1. Malware: Creating and distributing malicious software like viruses, worms, or Trojans that can damage or disrupt computer systems, steal sensitive information, or render them inoperable.
2. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: Overloading a computer system or network with excessive traffic or requests, causing it to become overwhelmed and unable to function properly.
3. Phishing: Sending deceptive emails or messages that appear to be from a legitimate source, tricking users into revealing sensitive information like passwords or credit card details.
4. Ransomware: Encrypting a victim's files or locking them out of their own system, demanding a ransom in exchange for restoring access or decrypting the files.
5. Insider Threats: Employees intentionally causing harm to computer systems by deleting or modifying critical data, leaking sensitive information, or introducing malware from within an organization.
6. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks: Coordinating multiple computers or devices to flood a target system or network with traffic, overwhelming its resources and causing it to crash or become inaccessible.
7. Logic Bombs: Inserting malicious code into a computer system that remains dormant until triggered by a specific event or condition, causing it to malfunction or delete critical data.
8. Social Engineering: Manipulating individuals through psychological tactics to gain unauthorized access to computer systems or sensitive information, often by impersonating a trusted entity or exploiting human vulnerabilities.
9. Data Manipulation: Unauthorized alteration or deletion of data stored in computer systems, leading to inaccurate records, financial losses, or disruption of operations.
10. Botnets: Infecting multiple computers or devices with malware to create a network of compromised machines, which can be controlled remotely to carry out various malicious activities, such as spamming, launching attacks, or stealing data.