Proper and common nouns.

Proper nouns refer to specific names of people, places, or things and are always capitalized. Common nouns refer to general names of people, places, or things and are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence.

Proper nouns:
1. John
2. Paris
3. Coca-Cola
4. Statue of Liberty
5. Microsoft

Common nouns:
1. boy
2. city
3. soda
4. monument
5. company

Proper Nouns

- Names of specific people, places, things, and organizations
- Capitalized, except for prepositions and articles

Examples:

- John Smith (person)
- New York City (place)
- Eiffel Tower (thing)
- United Nations (organization)
- Friday (day of the week)
- The Bible (book)

Common Nouns

- Names of general categories of things, people, or places
- Not capitalized (except at the beginning of a sentence)

Examples:

- doctor
- city
- building
- group
- book
- animal

Distinguishing Between Proper and Common Nouns

- Specific vs. General: Proper nouns refer to specific entities, while common nouns refer to general categories.
- Capitalization: Proper nouns are capitalized, while common nouns are not.

Note: Some words can be both proper and common nouns, depending on the context. For example, "president" is a proper noun referring to the leader of a specific country, but a common noun referring to the head of an organization.