Procedures of collecting sample for parasitological analysis and protozoan parasite that can be identified intracellularly and extracellularly in a samples ?

1. Collection of sample: The first step in collecting a sample for parasitological analysis is to obtain a suitable specimen from the patient. This can include stool samples, blood samples, tissue samples, or other bodily fluids depending on the suspected parasite. The sample should be collected in a clean, sterile container to prevent contamination.

2. Preservation of sample: Once the sample is collected, it should be preserved properly to prevent degradation of the parasites. This can include storing the sample in a refrigerator or adding preservatives such as formalin or ethanol.

3. Preparation of sample: The sample should be prepared for analysis by performing various techniques such as concentration methods, staining, and microscopy. This will help in identifying the parasites present in the sample.

4. Identification of intracellular parasites: Protozoan parasites that can be identified intracellularly include Plasmodium species (malaria), Toxoplasma gondii, and Leishmania species. These parasites can be visualized within host cells such as red blood cells or macrophages using staining techniques such as Giemsa or Wright stain.

5. Identification of extracellular parasites: Protozoan parasites that can be identified extracellularly include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Trichomonas vaginalis. These parasites can be visualized in the sample as free-living organisms using microscopy techniques.

6. Reporting and interpretation of results: Once the parasites have been identified, the results should be reported to the healthcare provider for further diagnosis and treatment. The presence of parasites in the sample can help in determining the appropriate treatment for the patient.

Overall, proper collection and analysis of samples for parasitological analysis is essential in identifying and treating protozoan parasites. It is important to follow standard procedures and techniques to ensure accurate results.

Procedures of Collecting Sample for Parasitological Analysis

Blood Sample:

- Collect 2-5 mL of venous blood into an EDTA anticoagulant tube.
- Label the tube with the patient's name, date, and time of collection.
- Store the sample at 4°C and transport to the laboratory within 24 hours.

Stool Sample:

- Collect a sample of fresh stool in a clean container.
- Fill the container to about half its capacity.
- Avoid contamination with urine or water.
- Label the container with the patient's name, date, and time of collection.
- Store the sample at 4°C and transport to the laboratory within 24 hours.

Urine Sample:

- Collect the first 20-30 mL of morning urine in a clean container.
- Do not collect a midstream sample.
- Label the container with the patient's name, date, and time of collection.
- Store the sample at 4°C and transport to the laboratory within 24 hours.

Other Samples:

- Skin swabs
- Aspirates
- Biopsies
- Tissue specimens

Protozoan Parasites that can be Identified Intracellularly and Extracellularly in Samples

Intracellular Parasites:

- Malaria parasites (Plasmodium species)
- Babesia species
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Leishmania species

Extracellular Parasites:

- Giardia lamblia
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Plasmodium malariae and P. falciparum gametocytes