Pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by releasing hormones that control other glands in the endocrine system.

The pituitary gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). The anterior pituitary produces and releases hormones such as growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. These hormones regulate growth, metabolism, stress response, reproductive functions, and milk production.

The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus, such as oxytocin and vasopressin. Oxytocin is involved in childbirth and breastfeeding, while vasopressin helps regulate water balance in the body.

Overall, the pituitary gland plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating various bodily functions, making it an essential part of the endocrine system.