Phagocytosis is a process by which certain cells in the body, called phagocytes, engulf and digest foreign particles, such as bacteria, viruses, and cellular debris. The term "phagocytosis" comes from the Greek words "phago" meaning "to eat" and "cyto" meaning "cell."
It is called phagocytosis because the phagocytes essentially "eat" or engulf the foreign particles, enclosing them within a membrane-bound sac called a phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes, forming a phagolysosome. Within the phagolysosome, the foreign particles are broken down and destroyed.
Phagocytosis is an important defense mechanism of the immune system, helping to eliminate harmful substances and protect the body from infections.