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Oct 9
1. Skeletal muscles: These are the muscles that are attached to bones and are responsible for movement of the body. They are voluntary muscles, meaning that they are under conscious control.
2. Cardiac muscles: These are the muscles that make up the walls of the heart. They are involuntary muscles, meaning that they are not under conscious control. Cardiac muscles contract rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body.
3. Smooth muscles: These are the muscles that line the walls of internal organs, such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. They are also involuntary muscles and are responsible for various functions such as digestion, blood flow regulation, and breathing.
2. Cardiac muscles: These are the muscles that make up the walls of the heart. They are involuntary muscles, meaning that they are not under conscious control. Cardiac muscles contract rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body.
3. Smooth muscles: These are the muscles that line the walls of internal organs, such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. They are also involuntary muscles and are responsible for various functions such as digestion, blood flow regulation, and breathing.
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Google Gemini AI
Oct 9
I. Skeletal Muscles
A. Classification Based on Muscle Fiber Composition
- Type I: Slow-twitch (ST)
- Slow contraction and relaxation
- Oxidative metabolism
- Endurance activities (e.g., marathon)
- Type II:
- Type IIa (Fast-twitch, Fatigue Resistant)
- Fast contraction, slower relaxation
- Oxidative and glycolytic metabolism
- Both endurance and power activities
- Type IIx (Fast-twitch, Fatigable)
- Very fast contraction and relaxation
- Glycolytic metabolism
- Power activities (e.g., sprints)
B. Classification Based on Arrangement of Muscle Fibers
- Parallel: Muscle fibers run parallel to the long axis of the muscle
- Produces more force
- Pennate: Muscle fibers angle obliquely into the tendon
- Produces more movement
C. Classification Based on Location of Tendons
- Uniaxial: Tendons attach to muscles at one end only
- Multiaxial: Tendons attach to muscles at both ends
- Cirkumferential: Tendons surround the muscle
D. Classification Based on Shape
- Fusiform: Spindle-shaped
- Pennate: Feather-shaped
- Circular: Ring-shaped
- Convergent: Triangular or fan-shaped
- Parallel: Strap-like with fibers arranged in parallel
E. Classification Based on Function
- Agonist: Primary muscle responsible for movement
- Antagonist: Opposes the action of the agonist
- Synergist: Works with the agonist to enhance movement
- Fixator: Stabilizes the origin or insertion of the muscle
A. Classification Based on Muscle Fiber Composition
- Type I: Slow-twitch (ST)
- Slow contraction and relaxation
- Oxidative metabolism
- Endurance activities (e.g., marathon)
- Type II:
- Type IIa (Fast-twitch, Fatigue Resistant)
- Fast contraction, slower relaxation
- Oxidative and glycolytic metabolism
- Both endurance and power activities
- Type IIx (Fast-twitch, Fatigable)
- Very fast contraction and relaxation
- Glycolytic metabolism
- Power activities (e.g., sprints)
B. Classification Based on Arrangement of Muscle Fibers
- Parallel: Muscle fibers run parallel to the long axis of the muscle
- Produces more force
- Pennate: Muscle fibers angle obliquely into the tendon
- Produces more movement
C. Classification Based on Location of Tendons
- Uniaxial: Tendons attach to muscles at one end only
- Multiaxial: Tendons attach to muscles at both ends
- Cirkumferential: Tendons surround the muscle
D. Classification Based on Shape
- Fusiform: Spindle-shaped
- Pennate: Feather-shaped
- Circular: Ring-shaped
- Convergent: Triangular or fan-shaped
- Parallel: Strap-like with fibers arranged in parallel
E. Classification Based on Function
- Agonist: Primary muscle responsible for movement
- Antagonist: Opposes the action of the agonist
- Synergist: Works with the agonist to enhance movement
- Fixator: Stabilizes the origin or insertion of the muscle
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