Outline 5 causes of xerophthalmia?

1. Vitamin A deficiency: Xerophthalmia is most commonly caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining the health of the eyes. Lack of vitamin A in the diet can lead to dryness and damage to the cornea, resulting in xerophthalmia.

2. Malnutrition: Xerophthalmia can also occur due to overall malnutrition, where the body does not receive adequate amounts of essential nutrients, including vitamin A. This is particularly common in developing countries with limited access to a diverse and balanced diet.

3. Intestinal disorders: Certain intestinal disorders, such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease, can impair the absorption of nutrients, including vitamin A. This can lead to a deficiency and subsequently cause xerophthalmia.

4. Liver diseases: The liver plays a crucial role in the storage and metabolism of vitamin A. Liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, can impair the liver's ability to store and release vitamin A, leading to a deficiency and xerophthalmia.

5. Alcoholism: Chronic alcohol consumption can interfere with the absorption and utilization of vitamin A in the body. Alcoholics often have poor dietary habits and may not consume enough vitamin A-rich foods, further exacerbating the risk of xerophthalmia.