Anonymous
May 22
Outline 34 signs that can be elicited on abdominal examination to confirm ascites?
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May 22
1. Distended abdomen
2. Bulging flanks
3. Shifting dullness
4. Fluid thrill
5. Puddle sign
6. Fluid wave
7. Tympanic percussion note
8. Shifting dullness
9. Positive fluid wave test
10. Positive puddle sign
11. Positive shifting dullness
12. Positive fluid thrill
13. Positive succussion splash
14. Positive ballottment
15. Positive percussion
16. Positive palpation
17. Positive auscultation
18. Positive liver span
19. Positive splenic dullness
20. Positive renal angle tenderness
21. Positive shifting dullness
22. Positive fluid wave
23. Positive bulging flanks
24. Positive flank dullness
25. Positive umbilical hernia
26. Positive caput medusae
27. Positive spider nevi
28. Positive gynecomastia
29. Positive testicular atrophy
30. Positive ascites
31. Positive hepatomegaly
32. Positive splenomegaly
33. Positive jaundice
34. Positive edema
2. Bulging flanks
3. Shifting dullness
4. Fluid thrill
5. Puddle sign
6. Fluid wave
7. Tympanic percussion note
8. Shifting dullness
9. Positive fluid wave test
10. Positive puddle sign
11. Positive shifting dullness
12. Positive fluid thrill
13. Positive succussion splash
14. Positive ballottment
15. Positive percussion
16. Positive palpation
17. Positive auscultation
18. Positive liver span
19. Positive splenic dullness
20. Positive renal angle tenderness
21. Positive shifting dullness
22. Positive fluid wave
23. Positive bulging flanks
24. Positive flank dullness
25. Positive umbilical hernia
26. Positive caput medusae
27. Positive spider nevi
28. Positive gynecomastia
29. Positive testicular atrophy
30. Positive ascites
31. Positive hepatomegaly
32. Positive splenomegaly
33. Positive jaundice
34. Positive edema
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Google Gemini AI
May 22
34 Signs of Ascites on Abdominal Examination
1. Flank dullness: Percussion yields a dull sound over the flanks (due to fluid accumulation) with a tympanic note in the center (due to intestines floating on fluid).
2. Shifting dullness: With the patient lying on one side, dullness shifts to the dependent flank (fluid collects under the intestines).
3. Fluid thrill: Palpating one flank while percussing the opposite flank transmits a palpable vibration (fluid wave).
4. Liver dullness upward displacement: Percussion over the liver reveals a smaller area of dullness, shifted upward (fluid raises the liver).
5. Visceral organs displaceability: Organs located above the fluid level can be palpated.
6. Increased abdominal girth: Ascites causes a visible increase in abdominal circumference.
7. Bulging flanks: Fluid accumulation makes the flanks appear swollen.
8. Symmetrical distension: Ascites usually causes evenly distributed abdominal distension.
9. Caput medusae: Dilation of periumbilical veins radiating outwards like a Medusa's head (due to increased portal pressure).
10. Spider angiomata: Small, red, radiating vascular lesions on the abdomen and upper body (due to increased estrogen levels).
11. Palpable umbilicus: Increased intra-abdominal pressure pushes the umbilicus out (without hernia).
12. Umbilical striae: Stretch marks on the umbilicus (due to rapid abdominal enlargement).
13. Decreased bowel sounds: Fluid accumulation dampens bowel sounds.
14. Tympany on percussion of the flanks: A tympanic note instead of dullness suggests intestinal gas trapped in the flanks.
15. Bowel loops visible through the abdominal wall: In severe ascites, bowel loops can be seen under the skin.
16. Liver enlargement: Palpation may reveal an enlarged liver (cirrhosis, hepatitis).
17. Right upper quadrant tenderness: Hepatomegaly can cause right upper quadrant pain.
18. Splenomegaly: Palpation may reveal an enlarged spleen (portal hypertension).
19. Hydrothorax: Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity (due to increased hydrostatic pressure).
20. Crackles in the lungs: Fluid accumulation in the lower lungs (pulmonary edema).
21. Pleural effusion: Percussion over the lungs reveals a dull sound (due to fluid accumulation).
22. Traube's space resonance: Percussion over the right anterior chest wall produces a tympanic sound (due to fluid pushing the liver upward).
23. Kidney ballotability: In severe ascites, kidneys may be palpable and mobile (due to fluid around them).
24. Hypogastric fullness: Fluid accumulation in the pelvis (due to increased pressure in the pelvic veins).
25. Obstruction of abdominal hernias: Fluid accumulation can block hernias, causing pain and discomfort.
26. Increased venous pressure in the neck: Jugular venous distension (due to increased central venous pressure).
27. Edematous lower extremities: Fluid accumulates in the lower body as well (due to increased hydrostatic pressure).
28. Albuminuria: Proteinuria (due to increased glomerular permeability).
29. Hyponatremia: Decreased sodium levels (due to fluid dilution).
30. Hypochloremia: Decreased chloride levels (due to decreased effective circulating blood volume).
31. Elevated serum bilirubin: Jaundice (due to impaired liver function).
32. Elevated liver enzymes: AST and ALT (due to liver damage).
33. Hypoalbuminemia: Decreased serum albumin levels (due to decreased hepatic synthesis).
34. Altered coagulation profile: Prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time (due to decreased vitamin K-dependent clotting factors).
1. Flank dullness: Percussion yields a dull sound over the flanks (due to fluid accumulation) with a tympanic note in the center (due to intestines floating on fluid).
2. Shifting dullness: With the patient lying on one side, dullness shifts to the dependent flank (fluid collects under the intestines).
3. Fluid thrill: Palpating one flank while percussing the opposite flank transmits a palpable vibration (fluid wave).
4. Liver dullness upward displacement: Percussion over the liver reveals a smaller area of dullness, shifted upward (fluid raises the liver).
5. Visceral organs displaceability: Organs located above the fluid level can be palpated.
6. Increased abdominal girth: Ascites causes a visible increase in abdominal circumference.
7. Bulging flanks: Fluid accumulation makes the flanks appear swollen.
8. Symmetrical distension: Ascites usually causes evenly distributed abdominal distension.
9. Caput medusae: Dilation of periumbilical veins radiating outwards like a Medusa's head (due to increased portal pressure).
10. Spider angiomata: Small, red, radiating vascular lesions on the abdomen and upper body (due to increased estrogen levels).
11. Palpable umbilicus: Increased intra-abdominal pressure pushes the umbilicus out (without hernia).
12. Umbilical striae: Stretch marks on the umbilicus (due to rapid abdominal enlargement).
13. Decreased bowel sounds: Fluid accumulation dampens bowel sounds.
14. Tympany on percussion of the flanks: A tympanic note instead of dullness suggests intestinal gas trapped in the flanks.
15. Bowel loops visible through the abdominal wall: In severe ascites, bowel loops can be seen under the skin.
16. Liver enlargement: Palpation may reveal an enlarged liver (cirrhosis, hepatitis).
17. Right upper quadrant tenderness: Hepatomegaly can cause right upper quadrant pain.
18. Splenomegaly: Palpation may reveal an enlarged spleen (portal hypertension).
19. Hydrothorax: Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity (due to increased hydrostatic pressure).
20. Crackles in the lungs: Fluid accumulation in the lower lungs (pulmonary edema).
21. Pleural effusion: Percussion over the lungs reveals a dull sound (due to fluid accumulation).
22. Traube's space resonance: Percussion over the right anterior chest wall produces a tympanic sound (due to fluid pushing the liver upward).
23. Kidney ballotability: In severe ascites, kidneys may be palpable and mobile (due to fluid around them).
24. Hypogastric fullness: Fluid accumulation in the pelvis (due to increased pressure in the pelvic veins).
25. Obstruction of abdominal hernias: Fluid accumulation can block hernias, causing pain and discomfort.
26. Increased venous pressure in the neck: Jugular venous distension (due to increased central venous pressure).
27. Edematous lower extremities: Fluid accumulates in the lower body as well (due to increased hydrostatic pressure).
28. Albuminuria: Proteinuria (due to increased glomerular permeability).
29. Hyponatremia: Decreased sodium levels (due to fluid dilution).
30. Hypochloremia: Decreased chloride levels (due to decreased effective circulating blood volume).
31. Elevated serum bilirubin: Jaundice (due to impaired liver function).
32. Elevated liver enzymes: AST and ALT (due to liver damage).
33. Hypoalbuminemia: Decreased serum albumin levels (due to decreased hepatic synthesis).
34. Altered coagulation profile: Prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time (due to decreased vitamin K-dependent clotting factors).
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