Crime and Violence
- Personal health: Physical injuries, psychological trauma (e.g., PTSD, anxiety, depression), diminished trust and social isolation.
- Community health: Reduced sense of safety, distrust among residents, decreased investment in community, increased healthcare costs.
Poverty
- Personal health: Increased risk of chronic diseases (e.g., heart disease, diabetes), poor nutrition, inadequate healthcare access, mental health issues.
- Community health: Increased crime and violence, strained social services, reduced educational opportunities, substandard housing.
Safety and Security
- Personal health: Fear and anxiety, disrupted sleep, physical injuries in unsafe environments.
- Community health: Reduced civic engagement, increased social isolation, decreased community resilience.
Unequal Access to Basic Resources
- Personal health: Limited access to healthcare, education, housing, and employment, poor sanitation, malnutrition.
- Community health: Social stratification, widening health disparities, increased poverty and economic inequality.
Lack of Basic Resources
- Personal health: Inadequate housing, lack of clean water and sanitation, limited food availability, exposure to hazardous substances.
- Community health: Widespread disease, poor environmental quality, social unrest, strained healthcare systems.