1. Loss of life and injury: Natural hazards can cause widespread loss of life and injury due to building collapse, flooding, landslides, earthquakes, and other destructive forces.
2. Displacement and homelessness: Natural hazards can force people to evacuate their homes and communities, often leaving them displaced and homeless for extended periods of time.
3. Damage to property: Natural hazards can cause extensive damage to homes, businesses, infrastructure, crops, and livestock, leading to significant economic losses.
4. Disruption of livelihoods: Natural hazards can disrupt people's livelihoods, preventing them from working, attending school, or accessing essential services. This can lead to financial hardship and social isolation.
5. Health impacts: Natural hazards can expose people to unsanitary conditions, contaminated water, and disease, leading to health problems both during and after the event.
6. Psychological trauma: Experiencing a natural hazard can be a traumatic event, leading to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
7. Social and community disruption: Natural hazards can tear apart social networks, damage community infrastructure, and disrupt essential services, leading to social isolation and a breakdown in community cohesion.
8. Environmental damage: Natural hazards can cause significant environmental damage, such as deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution, which can have long-term consequences for ecosystems and human health.
9. Economic impacts: Natural hazards can impose significant economic costs on governments, businesses, and individuals, including the cost of recovery, reconstruction, and long-term resilience measures.
10. Displacement of indigenous communities: Indigenous communities are often disproportionately affected by natural hazards due to their close ties to the land and their reliance on traditional livelihoods.