Identify 4 factors that cause defects in a patient's visual field?

1. Eye diseases or conditions: Various eye diseases or conditions can lead to defects in a patient's visual field. For example, glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts can all cause visual field defects.

2. Neurological disorders: Certain neurological disorders can affect the visual field. Conditions such as stroke, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and optic neuritis can result in visual field defects.

3. Trauma or injury: Physical trauma or injury to the eye or the brain can cause visual field defects. This can include direct injury to the eye, head trauma, or damage to the optic nerve.

4. Medications or treatments: Some medications or medical treatments can have side effects that impact the visual field. For instance, certain chemotherapy drugs, radiation therapy, or medications used to treat certain autoimmune diseases can cause visual field defects as a side effect.