Hydrogen chloride is formed when hydrogen and chloride combine, draw a labelled structures ( all shells and nuclei) to show the bonding in a molecule of hydrogen chloride?

In a molecule of hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen and chlorine combine through a single covalent bond. The hydrogen atom donates its electron to the chlorine atom, forming a polar covalent bond.

Here is the labelled structure of a molecule of hydrogen chloride:

H: 1 proton, 1 electron
Cl: 17 protons, 17 electrons

H-Cl

In this structure, the hydrogen atom is bonded to the chlorine atom through a single covalent bond. The electron from the hydrogen atom is closer to the chlorine atom, making the chlorine end slightly negative and the hydrogen end slightly positive. This creates a polar molecule with a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on the chlorine atom.

Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)

Lewis Structure:

```
H:Cl:
```

Molecular Orbital Diagram:

```
σ1s(bonding)
---------------
σ-1s(antibonding)
---------------
σ2p(bonding)
^
|
|
π2p(antibonding)
---------------
π2p(antibonding)
```

Hydrogen Nucleus (1 proton, 0 neutrons):

```
H
```

Chloride Nucleus (17 protons, 18 neutrons):

```
_ ._
| | | |
| | | |
```

Hydrogen Electron Cloud:

```
-
H
-
```

Chloride Electron Cloud:

```

: _ _ :
. | . | | .
. | . | | | .
: | : | : :
| | | |
| | | |
```

Bonding:

- The hydrogen atom donates its 1s electron to the chloride atom, forming a covalent bond.
- The chloride atom shares its 2p electron with the hydrogen atom, forming a second covalent bond.
- The two covalent bonds form a polar covalent bond, with the chloride atom having a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atom having a partial positive charge.