How are the following carbohydrates formed? 1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Galactose 4. Lactose

1. Glucose is formed through the process of photosynthesis in plants, where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen using sunlight and chlorophyll.

2. Fructose is also formed through photosynthesis in plants, but it is specifically synthesized from glucose in the presence of the enzyme fructokinase.

3. Galactose is formed in the body through the breakdown of lactose, a disaccharide found in dairy products. The enzyme lactase breaks down lactose into its component monosaccharides, glucose and galactose.

4. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose, and it is formed in the mammary glands of mammals. It is synthesized by the enzyme lactose synthase, which combines glucose and galactose molecules to form lactose.

1. Glucose

- Glucose is the most basic carbohydrate and is the body's primary source of energy.
- It is formed through the process of photosynthesis in plants, where sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

2. Fructose

- Fructose is a simple sugar that is sweeter than glucose.
- It is found naturally in fruits and honey.
- Fructose is formed when glucose is broken down during the process of glycolysis.

3. Galactose

- Galactose is a simple sugar that is not found naturally in its free form.
- It is a component of the disaccharide lactose, which is found in milk.
- Galactose is formed when lactose is broken down by the enzyme lactase.

4. Lactose

- Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose.
- It is the main carbohydrate found in milk and dairy products.
- Lactose is formed when glucose and galactose are linked together by a glycosidic bond.

The chemical reaction to form glucose