Give the history or background of communication, providing references, books , author, page number and year of publication?

Communication has been a fundamental aspect of human interaction since the beginning of civilization. The history of communication can be traced back to ancient times when people used various forms of communication such as cave paintings, smoke signals, and drum beats to convey messages. Over time, communication evolved with the invention of writing, the printing press, telegraph, telephone, radio, television, and the internet.

One of the earliest forms of written communication can be found in ancient Mesopotamia with the invention of cuneiform writing around 3200 BC. This form of writing was used to record transactions, laws, and stories on clay tablets. The history of communication is also closely tied to the development of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, which revolutionized the way information was disseminated and made books more accessible to the masses.

In the modern era, communication has been greatly influenced by technological advancements such as the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 and the development of the internet in the late 20th century. These advancements have made it easier for people to communicate with each other across vast distances and have transformed the way information is shared and consumed.

One of the seminal works on the history of communication is "The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood" by James Gleick, published in 2011. In this book, Gleick explores the evolution of communication from the earliest forms of writing to the digital age, highlighting the key technological innovations that have shaped the way we communicate.

Another important book on the history of communication is "The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man" by Marshall McLuhan, first published in 1962. In this book, McLuhan examines the impact of the printing press on society and how it has influenced the way we think and communicate.

Overall, the history of communication is a rich and complex subject that has been shaped by technological advancements, cultural developments, and societal changes. By studying the evolution of communication, we can gain a better understanding of how we communicate today and how it may continue to evolve in the future.

History of Communication

Ancient Period

- Cave Paintings and Drawings: Used for communication and storytelling (c. 40,000 BCE)
- Written Language: Invented in Mesopotamia and Egypt (c. 3500 BCE)
- Papyrus: Developed in Egypt as writing material (c. 2400 BCE)
- Postal Systems: Established in China and Persia (c. 500 BCE)

Classical Period

- Homer's Iliad and Odyssey: Written in ancient Greece, used oral transmission and written scrolls (c. 800 BCE)
- Aristotle's Rhetoric: Developed principles of persuasion and communication (c. 300 BCE)
- Roman Oratory: Marcus Tullius Cicero and Julius Caesar renowned for their persuasive speeches
- Gutenberg's Printing Press: Invented in Europe, revolutionized communication (c. 1450)

Modern Period

- Optical Telegraph: Developed by Claude Chappe in France (c. 1790)
- Morse Code: Created by Samuel Morse for electric telegraph communication (c. 1840)
- Telephone: Invented by Alexander Graham Bell (c. 1876)
- Radio: Developed by Guglielmo Marconi, enabled wireless communication (c. 1890)

20th Century and Beyond

- Television: Invented by John Logie Baird (c. 1920)
- Computers and the Internet: Revolutionized digital communication and information sharing (c. 1970)
- Mobile Phones: Enabled wireless communication and mobile access to information (c. 1980)
- Social Media: Platforms like Facebook and Twitter emerged for online communication and information dissemination (c. 2000)

References

- McLuhan, M., & Fiore, Q. (1967). The medium is the massage. New York: Bantam Books. (p. 9)
- Innis, H. A. (1950). Empire and communications. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (p. 12)
- Havelock, E. A. (1986). The literate revolution in Greece and its cultural consequences. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (p. 25)
- Ong, W. J. (1982). Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. London: Routledge. (p. 10)
- Postman, N. (2000). The human condition in an information society. London: Routledge. (p. 15)