Give examples from educational organizations to explain how time pressure can lead to apply group decision making technique? ?

1. In a university setting, a committee tasked with selecting a new course curriculum may face time pressure due to upcoming registration deadlines. In order to make a timely decision, the committee may choose to use a group decision-making technique such as brainstorming or nominal group technique to quickly generate and evaluate ideas.

2. A school district facing budget constraints may need to make decisions about which programs to cut in order to balance their budget. The district may use a group decision-making technique such as multi-voting or the Delphi method to efficiently gather input from various stakeholders and make a consensus decision under time pressure.

3. A research team working on a tight deadline to submit a grant proposal may need to quickly decide on a research methodology. The team may use a group decision-making technique such as the analytic hierarchy process or the stepladder technique to efficiently evaluate different options and make a decision that meets the deadline.

Example 1: Student Council Meeting

- Time Pressure: Students have a short timeframe to prioritize upcoming initiatives.
- Group Decision Making Technique: Nominal Group Technique (NGT)
- Students individually brainstorm ideas (silent phase).
- Ideas are shared and clarified in a round-robin discussion.
- Ideas are anonymously voted upon, avoiding groupthink.
- The top-ranked ideas are selected for implementation.

Example 2: Curriculum Development Committee

- Time Pressure: Teachers have limited time to create a new curriculum for the upcoming school year.
- Group Decision Making Technique: Delphi Method
- Experts contribute ideas in separate rounds.
- Each round's results are summarized and shared with participants.
- Participants revise their ideas based on collective feedback.
- The process continues until consensus is reached or a predetermined stop criterion is met.

Example 3: Parent-Teacher Association Meeting

- Time Pressure: Parents and teachers have a specific meeting time to discuss upcoming events.
- Group Decision Making Technique: Multivoting
- Parents and teachers vote multiple times on a list of proposed events.
- The events with the highest total votes are selected.
- This technique ensures that a wider range of opinions is considered.

Example 4: Faculty Hiring Committee

- Time Pressure: The committee has a tight deadline to hire a new professor.
- Group Decision Making Technique: Jigsaw II
- Committee members form small groups to research different candidates.
- Each group reports their findings back to the entire committee.
- The committee then discusses the candidate pool and makes a final decision.
- This technique promotes cross-functional collaboration and allows all perspectives to be heard.

Example 5: School Board Meeting

- Time Pressure: Board members have a limited amount of time to consider a complex policy change.
- Group Decision Making Technique: Structured Decision Making
- The board follows a structured process that includes gathering data, identifying criteria, and evaluating alternatives.
- This technique ensures that all relevant factors are considered and that the decision is made in a transparent and accountable manner.